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上期翻译答案
Thingswereless finely balanced with the first hypothesis, with 64% reporting that women do indeed participate more, if plenty of other women are present.
关于第一个假设，情况就不那么均衡了。有64%的研究对象报告说，如果有足够多的其他女性在场，女性确实会更加积极的参与对话。
with…伴随状语
1.present: being in a particular place
《本期内容》
导读
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传统的⻄⽅经济学建⽴在“理性⼈”假设的基础上。⽽上个世纪80年代以后，由于传统经济学说在⼀些理论推演过程中始终陷⼊“瓶颈”以及在解释及指导现实经济⽣活时表现得欲振乏⼒，以理查德·泰勒为⾸的⼀批经济学家尝试将⼼理学、社会学等学科的研究⽅法和成果引⼊到经济学研究中来，提出了将⾮理性的经济主体作为微观研究的对象，⾏为经济学由此诞生。
双语阅读
In economics, “rational” means people are consistent in their behavior. And they’re not. The behavioral economics literature has produced lots of evidence that when people are faced with a choice in a risky situation, their decision may depend on how the data is presented or what they have to lose. We’ve seen many examples in the last year when our friends went to great lengths to avoid any remote risk related to the pandemic, but undertook other risky behavior, such as driving fast. Thissortof behavior lead many economists to rethink their models.
在经济学中，“理性”意味着人们的行为具有一致性。但他们并不是。行为经济学的文献中有大量证据，表明当人们在危险情况下面临选择时，他们的决定可能取决于数据呈现的方式或他们不得不失去的东西。去年我们看到了很多例子，我们的朋友竭尽全力避免任何与疫情有关的离自己很远的风险，但却做出其他危险行为，比如车速过快。这种行为促使许多经济学家重新思考他们的模型。
Havinga behavioral economiston staffbecame trendy at many corporations. The British government even created a Nudge Unit. Now we may have reached peaknudge. It was recently revealed that famous behavioralist Dan Ariely used what appears to be faked data and retracted one of his most famous studies about how to encourage honesty when the results couldn’t be replicated.
在许多公司，雇佣行为经济学家成为一种时髦。英国政府甚至创建了一个“推动单位”。现在我们可能已经推动到了顶峰。最近著名行为学家丹·艾瑞里被曝使用的可能是伪造的数据，并在结果无法复现的情况下撤回了他最著名的一项关于如何鼓励诚信的研究。
To be fair, behavioral economics is a large, newfieldand there are no clear standards on who can call themselves an expert. Some abuses were inevitable. The field has also had some victories: Automatically signing up people for retirement accounts increased saving; automatically signing children up for free school meals reduced hunger.
公平地说，行为经济学是一个很大的全新的领域，对于谁能称自己为专家，并没有明确的标准。有些弊端是不可避免的。该领域也取得了一些成功：自动为人们注册退休账户增加储蓄；自动把孩子们加入免费学校餐计划，减少了饥饿问题。
But generally, the idea we could nudge people to make better choices by exploiting their behavioral biases was always oversold. It’s hard to persuade people to do something they don’t want to do, especially when you don’t fully understand their unique motives. And if data isn’t presented clearly and honestly, attempts to nudge people can be self-defeating when they don’t trust you.
但总的来说，以为我们能够利用人们的行为偏差来推动他们做出更好决策的想法总是被夸大了。很难说服别人做他们不想做的事，尤其是当你不完全了解他们独特的动机时。如果数据没有清晰、真实地呈现出来，当人们不信任你的时候，试图推动他们反而可能会弄巧成拙。
There isscopeto do better. Rather than nudge people to take or avoid certain risks, the goal of policy makers, the media and corporations should be to find ways to communicate risk in ways that are more likely to make sense to people. Probabilities are a relatively modern invention. But humans have been dealing with risks for thousands of years. Psychologists like Gerd Gigerenzer argue that the experts should and can find ways to communicate risky choices in a way people connect with and is natural for them. One simple example is talking about frequencies instead of probabilities, since 1 out of 100 is more intuitive than a 1% chance.
我们还能做得更好。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~概率是相对现代的发明。但人类应对风险已经有几千年的历史了。格尔德·吉杰伦泽等心理学家认为，专家们应该而且能够找到可以跟人们建立联系且自然的传达风险选择的方法。举个简单的例子，用频率而不是概率的方式表达，因为“一百个人里有一个”比“概率为1%”更直观。
本文节选自：The Washington Post（华盛顿邮报）
发布时间：2021.08.27
作者：Allison Schrager
原文标题：Behavioral Economics Doesn’t Have to Be a Total Loss
词汇积累
1.sort
英 /sɔːt/ 美 /sɔːt/
n.种类；方式；品质；[计]（资料、数据的）分类，排序
vi.分类；协调；交往
2.nudge
英 /nʌdʒ/ 美 /nʌdʒ/
v.（用肘）轻推；轻撞；往前挤；劝说；接近
n.推动；（用肘）轻推；触发；激起；说服
3.field
英 /fiːld/ 美 /fiːld/
n.领域；牧场；旷野；战场
vt.把暴晒于场上；使上场；处理，应付（问题或意见）
adj.扫描场；田赛的；野生的
4.scope
英 /skəʊp/ 美 /skəʊp/
n.范围；余地；视野；眼界；导弹射程
vt. 审视
词组搭配
1.have sb on staff 雇佣某人
写作句总结
There is scope to do better.
结构: There is scope to … better .
…还能做得更好
例句: There is scope to restore antiquities better.
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