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全文字数：1273字
阅读时间：5分钟
上期翻译答案
The fairest solutionisthe round-robin system used in domestic football leagues: every team plays every other, yielding a full ranking from first to last.
最公平的办法是各国足球联赛采用的循环赛：每支球队要与其他各支球队进行一场比赛，所有球队按积分从高到低排名。
1.round-robin: a competition in which every player or team plays against every other player or team
《本期内容》
双语阅读
Hungry laboratory animals tend to live longer. Over and over, in organisms ranging from fruit flies to mice (and sometimes even in primates), scientists have seen thatcutting backon food extends their study subjects’ life span. But do wild animals also benefit from eating less? And if so, why? Some scientists are trying to move their experiments beyond typical lab conditions to answer these questions.
处于饥饿状态的实验室动物往往活得更久。科学家们一次又一次地发现，在果蝇、老鼠(有时甚至是灵长类动物)中，减少他们的研究对象的食物摄入量可以延长它们的寿命。但是减少饭量对野生动物也有益处吗？如果有，原因何在？一些科学家正努力把实验置于非典型实验室条件下，来回答这些问题。
Decades ago scientists suggested that hungry animals shift their energy from reproducing to maintaining their body to increase the chance that they’ll live through the period of famine and reproduce when times get better. The theory became known as the adaptive resource reallocation hypothesis.
几十年前，科学家认为处于饥饿状态的动物会把原本花在繁殖上的能量，转而放到维持身体机能上，从而增加自己度过饥饿期的机会，在情况好转时再繁殖。这一理论被称为适应性资源再分配假说。
For some scientists, this explanation never seemed toadd up. Wild animals contend with constant threats, includingpathogens, weather and competitors. Delaying reproduction doesn’t make sense when life is sofraught. A hungry animal, moreover, will take more risks to find food, which will likely result in its earlier demise. “It’s almostludicrousto think that animals in the wild that are dietarily restricted are healthier or live longer,” says evolutionary biologist Steven Austad of the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
对一些科学家来说，这个解释似乎永远不会合情合理。野生动物需要与不断的威胁作斗争，包括病原体、天气和竞争者。在生存如此艰难时，延迟繁殖没有意义。一个饥饿的动物更有可能冒更大的风险去寻找食物，这可能会导致生命更早灭亡。伯明翰阿拉巴马大学的进化生物学家史蒂文·奥斯塔德说：“认为饮食受限的野生动物会更健康或更长命，这似乎很荒诞。”
Studying dietary restriction in a truly wild setting is very challenging because scientists can’t stop wild animals from seeking out food when they get hungry. Instead Bonduriansky and his colleagues tried supplementing the diets of wildantlerflies. These flies—with a body about a tenth of an inch long—spend their entire lives living on a single discarded antler from an animal such as a moose or a deer. The team marked flies with tiny drops ofenamelpaint to make them recognizable, then periodically captured the marked flies, fed them extra sugar or protein in glassvialsand released them back to the wild or kept them in the lab.
在真正的野生环境中研究饮食限制非常具有挑战性，因为科学家无法阻止野生动物在饥饿时寻找食物。相反，邦德瑞思凯教授和他的同事们试图给野生鹿角蝇补充食物。这些苍蝇的身体大约为0.1英寸长，它们的一生都生活在一个来自驼鹿或梅花鹿的遗弃的鹿角上。为了方便辨认，这个团队用小瓷漆液滴给苍蝇做标记，然后定期捕获标记的苍蝇，在玻璃瓶中给它们补充喂食糖分或蛋白质，然后将它们放回野外或保存在实验室中。
Some trials suggested that flies kept outdoors lived just as long when they ate extra food as their hungrier outdoor counterparts—contrary to what tends to happen in the lab. But the experiments were often interrupted, for example, when spiders ate their study subjects. “It wasn’t possible to get a really robust answer,” Bonduriansky says, but the results gave him hope that with a bit more fine-tuning, robust studies in the wild will be possible.
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~但是实验经常遭到中断，例如蜘蛛吃掉了他们的研究对象。“想要得到一个非常可靠有力的答案是不可能的，”邦杜里安斯基说，但结果给了他希望，只要再进行一些调整，在野外开展可靠的研究将是有可能的。
本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
发布时间：2022.12.20
作者：Saima May Sidik
原文标题：Dietary Restriction Works in Lab Animals, but It Might Not Work in the Wild
词汇积累
1.pathogen
英/ ˈpæθədʒən /美/ ˈpæθədʒən /
n.病原体，致病菌
2.fraught
英/ frɔːt /美/ frɔːt /
adj.充满（糟糕或令人讨厌的事物）；造成忧虑（或紧张）的，受忧虑（或压力）影响的；<旧>充满的
n.货物
v.装载
3.ludicrous
英/ ˈluːdɪkrəs /美/ ˈluːdɪkrəs /
adj.滑稽的；荒唐的
4.antler
英/ ˈæntlə(r) /美/ ˈæntlər /
n.鹿角，茸角；多叉鹿角
n.（Antler）人名；（法）安特莱；（英）安特勒
5.enamel
英/ ɪˈnæm(ə)l /美/ ɪˈnæm(ə)l /
n.搪瓷；珐琅；瓷釉；釉质；指甲油
vt.彩饰；涂以瓷釉
6.vial
英/ ˈvaɪəl /美/ ˈvaɪəl /
n.（装香水、药水等的）小瓶（同 phial）
vt.装入小瓶
n.（Vial）（法，意）维亚尔（姓氏）
词组搭配
1.cut back 削减；修剪；（美）倒叙；急忙返回
2.add up 合乎情理; 说得通;；加起来; 加; 相加; 积少成多; 聚沙成塔;
写作句总结
原句：Wild animals contend with constant threats, including pathogens, weather and competitors.
结构：XX contend with XX, including A and B.
例句：We must contend with a variety of challenges, including financial constraints and a lack of resources.
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