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全文字数：1742字
阅读时间：16分钟
上期划线句答案
Lumber, cotton, tomatoes, wheat and energy – and the products they generate, from denim jeans to your Italian takeout dinner –wereallaffected bythese events andarenow more expensive than this time last year.
木材、棉花、西红柿、小麦和能源——以及相应的产成品，从单宁牛仔裤到你的意大利外卖晚餐——都受到了这些事件的影响，它们现在的价格比去年同期的价格更贵了。
本期内容
双语阅读
Some economics textbooks used to define their subject as the “science of scarcity.” Maybe some still do. That’s actually quite wrong: Some of the most useful economics involves telling people that they need not settle for less — for example, that we don’t simply have to accept recessions as a fact of life, that we can and should fight them with expansionary monetary andfiscalpolicy. Still, a fair bit of economics does involve explaining limits and constraints — for example, that you can’t sustain a Denmark-style system of social benefits without something like Denmark-style tax rates.
一些经济学教科书过去曾将其学科定义为“稀缺科学”。可能现在还有一些人在这么做。但这实际上是大错特错了：一些最有用的经济学告诉人们，他们不需要委曲求全——例如，我们不需要简单地接受经济衰退是既定事实，我们可以而且应该用扩张性的货币和财政政策来应对经济衰退。不过，还是有相当一部分经济学确实会解释经济限制和约束手段——例如，如果没有丹麦式的税率，就无法维持丹麦式的社会福利体系。
But accepting the need for hard choices can turn into a kind of trap itself. You might think that everyone is always looking for easy answers, but that’s not actually how it works: In some professional contexts you get reputational points for sounding realistic and tough-minded. As a result, some economists and economiccommentatorsseem to positivelyexultin prescribing harsh economic medicine; after the 2008 crisis, the U.S. economy suffered badly at the hands of Very Serious People who moralized about debt in the face of persistently high unemployment.
但接受需要做出艰难选择这件事本身可能会变成一种陷阱。你可能认为每个人都在寻求简单的答案，但事实并非如此：在某些专业环境中，你可能会因为听起来很现实、很强硬而赢得声誉上的称赞。因此，一些经济学家和经济评论员似乎对开出严厉的经济药方感到欣喜；2008年金融危机后，美国经济在“非常严肃的人”手中遭受重创，这些人面对持续高涨的失业率，选择指责债务问题。
Trying to be tough-minded can cause political and public relations problems, too. Many economists, even among progressives, use wage growth as an important indicator of “underlying” inflation. You need, however, to be careful not to suggest — as Andrew Bailey, the governor of the Bank of England, did — that greedy workers are thevillainsbehind inflation.
观点强硬也会导致政治和公共关系问题。许多经济学家，甚至是进步人士，都会把薪资增长视为“潜在”通胀的重要指标。然而，你需要小心，不要像英国央行行长安德鲁•贝利那样，暗示想要涨薪的工人是通胀背后的罪魁祸首。
Which brings me to thefurorcreated by some tone-deaf remarks by Huw Pill, the Bank of England’s chief economist, to the effect that British inflation — which has been running higher than inflation here — reflects a general unwillingness on the part of workers and others to “accept the fact that they’re worse off.” But clumsiness aside, was Pill’s diagnosis correct? The answer, I’d argue, is that there was some truth to his analysis, but for the United States, at least, a lot of it was wrong — and I suspect that this is true for Britain as well.
这让我想到了英国央行首席经济学家休•皮尔的一些不着调的言论引发的愤怒，大意是英国的通货膨胀一直高于通货膨胀率，这反映了部分员工和其他人普遍不愿意“接受自己的处境更糟糕的事实”。但先不管他的拙劣之处，皮尔的判断正确吗？我认为，答案是他的分析部分是对的，但至少对美国来说，很多都是错误的——我怀疑对英国来说也是如此。
What Pill got right was describing inflation as a game of “pass the parcel”: Everyone is trying to get ahead by raising prices, but because everyone else is doing the same thing, on average, any gains people get from higher prices for the things they sell are offset by higher prices for the things they buy. So the overall effect of efforts by individual players to make gains at others’ expense is inflation, which hurts everyone.
皮尔有道理的部分在于，他把通货膨胀描述为一种“传递包裹”的游戏：翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~因此，个体以牺牲他人利益为代价获取收益的总体效应是通货膨胀，这会对所有人造成损害。
本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）
发布时间：2023,04,29
作者：Paul Krugman
原文标题：On Inflation, Wages and Tough-Guy Economics
词汇积累
1.fiscal
/ˈfɪskəl/
adj. (政府)财政的; 财政年度的; 金融的
n. (某些国家的)检察官，财政官员
2. commentator
/ˈkɒmənˌteɪtə/
n. 现场解说员，实况播音员; 评论员
3. exult
/ɪɡˈzʌlt/
vi.狂喜，欢欣鼓舞；非常高兴
4. villain
/ˈvɪlən/
n. 反派角色，反面人物; 祸首，元凶; 坏人，恶棍
5.furor
/fjʊˈrɔːr/
n.狂热；激怒；喧闹；感动
词组搭配
1.pass the parcel 击鼓传花
写作句总结
But accepting the need for hard choices can turn into a kind of trap itself.
结构：But accepting the need for … can turn into a kind of trap itself.
但接受需要…这件事本身可能会变成一种陷阱。
例句：But accepting the need for continuous care can turn into a kind of trap itself.
阅读理解题
What is the author’s opinion of the role of economics?
A. Economics is only about dealing with scarcity.
B. Economics involves telling people they can settle for less.
C. Economics involves explaining limits and constraints.
D. Economics involves telling people they need not settle for less as well as explaining limits and constraints.
D
打卡作业
在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~
外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。
（戳码回复“J88”）
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应用经济学考研学校排名(应用经济学考研学校排名211)